Study of Duopoly Between Intel and Amd free essay sample

This is like monopoliesâ in which just oneâ companyâ controlsâ the market and oligopoliesâ in which numerous organizations are permitted to exchange the market. The duopoly hypothesis takes a gander at the interaction of twoâ companiesâ inâ a market: each organizations costs and creation are set by the choices of the other. Webster characterizes duopoly as,â an oligopoly restricted to two dealers. The idea of a duopoly was proposed by French economist Antoine Augustin Cournotâ (1801-1877) and we utilize the Cournot’s model to examine the equivalent. Highlights of a duopoly according to Cournot’s model. . Two firms rivaling one another. Value administration by the bigger of the two firms may exist †the littler firm follows the value lead of the bigger one. 2. Homogenous great 3. High hindrances to section. 4. The yield of the other firm is thought to be fixed 5. Firms choose all the while the amount to create. Market Structure Perfect Competition Pure Monopoly Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly Duopoly Monopoly The further right on the scale, the more noteworthy the level of imposing business model force practiced by the firm. We will compose a custom article test on Investigation of Duopoly Between Intel and Amd or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 5. The microchip showcase As concerning the microchip business, it is notable that Intel and AMD are the two world market pioneers in the creation of chip. The historical backdrop of PC processors is packed with the fight between these two monsters. These are the two behemoths of the PC processor industry, and each and every machine is utilizing one of these two chips. As time passes, both these organizations are continually attempting to exceed one another and eat into the others piece of the pie, however toward the finish of each monetary year it appears as though nothing have changed, as them two are solidly standing firm. This fight is going to proceed for some more years, and this must be profitable to the purchasers. The microchip market can be characterized as an oligopoly with an officeholder and a periphery firm, since there are no other huge chip makers, and around 98. 6% of the all out piece of the overall industry is held by the 2 organizations. 5. 1 Which is better: Intel or AMD? Innovation has advanced so much today that it is feasible for us to change our processors effectively, and still utilize a similar equipment as in the past. This has made the fight between AMD versus Intel even more serious in light of the fact that there is nothing of the sort as brand faithfulness here. The client will just utilize that processor which is better and quicker, so this is an instance of genuine rivalry dependent on advancement and item includes. It’s rather deplorable that until decently as of late a great many people connected the Personal Computer with an Intel chip, yet this view has now changed. Intel has the edge the extent that assets, advertising potential and PC execution are concerned, yet its solid hand and monopolistic strategies could turn the world against them. AMD, then again, is the famous decent person, and it is out to demonstrate that pleasant folks don't generally complete last, and the incentive for cash they offer is surely alluring. It is broadly acknowledged that Intel processors perform better with applications, for example, Microsoft Office XP, Word, Excel, PowerPoint and so forth. AMD anyway performs better than Intel in games, for example, Quake III. Corporate clients, SME’s, Schools, and colleges pick the Intel processor for its predominance on applications. Gamers and individuals on low financial plans select the AMD scope of processors basically in light of the fact that they cost less. At last, the decision between AMD versus Intel is in the possession of the buyer dependent on his inclinations and necessities. 6. How everything started †A concise history Year| Event| Consequences| 1967| Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore established Intel| | 1968| Jerry Sanders and seven others established AMD| AMD gives Windows good processors nearby different gadgets, for example, memory gadgets and systems administration products| 1976| AMD and Intel sign a cross-permit agreement| Led to the disposal of different contenders because of a broadening mechanical hole. | 1987| Cross-authorizing understanding among AMD and Intel was terminated| This denotes the start of solid rivalry between the two organizations. Through substantial rivalry and advances in innovation, PC costs are driven beneath $1,000| Another contender, Cyrix, exits the market at this time| 1998| AMD and Intel begin contending in all regions| Started delivering close substitutes to every single one of the contenders chip. | 1999| AMD halted creation of Intel good microprocessors| AMDs and Intels processors become less substitutable. A feeling of buyer inclination is created and a kind of brand-naming’ impact occursIntel starts, now to use in its deals a procedure of vertical coordination, which helps in building up its prevailing piece of the overall industry. Cournot’s Model as applied to Intel and AMD. In duopoly the makers must consider the reaction of contenders when picking yield and value Equilibrium in an Oligopolistic Market * Defining Equilibrium * Firms do as well as can be expected and have no impetus to change their yield or cost * All organizations accept contenders are considering rival choices. 7. 1 Let’s investigate the Intel AMD circumstance utilizing the Cournot’s Model. * Note: The qualities have been doled out speculatively to show the utilization of Cournot’s model of duopoly among Intel and AMD. MC1 50 MR1(75) D1(75) 12. 5 If Intel figures AMD will deliver 75 units, its interest bend is moved to one side by this sum. Intel’s Output Decision Q1 P1 D1(0) MR1(0) If Intel figures AMD will create nothing, its interest bend, D1(0), is the market request bend. D1(50) MR1(50) 25 If Intel figures AMD will create 50 units, its interest bend is moved to one side by this sum. AMD’s Reaction Curve Q2*(Q1) AMD’s response bend shows the amount it will deliver as an element of the amount it thinks Intel will create. Response Curves and Cournot Equilibrium Q2 Q1 25 50 75 100 25 50 75 100 Intel’s Reaction Bend Q*1(Q2) x Intel’s response bend shows the amount it will create as a component of the amount it figures AMD will deliver. The x’s compare to the past model. In Cournot harmony, each firm effectively accept how much its rivals will deliver and in this way augments its own benefits. Cournot Equilibrium 7. 2 We will presently attempt to see how we showed up at the charts above, for that we have to make a few presumptions. The suppositions are: 1. Intel is the single producer of microchips. A descending inclining request bend for Intel has the condition Q = 120 P. As appeared in Figure beneath, the monopolist (Intel) would boost benefit by delivering Q = 60 with a cost = $60 and benefits (income) = $3600. * Note, this yield rises to one-portion of the amount that would be requested at a cost of zero. 17 Price 120 60 MR D Output for every week 60 120 0 Intel’s Monopolist’s Output Choice 2. Presently let’s expect that AMD is comes into the market. * Cournot accepted that Intel, state, picks its yield level (qA) expecting the yield of AMD (qB) is fixed and won't change in accordance with Intel’s activities. * The all out market yield is given by If the interest bend is direct, the negligible income bend will divide the flat pivot between the value hub and the interest bend. The principal beneficial thing such a circumstance will accomplish for us, the customers, is cut rices down. The closer the two organizations can be in execution, the lower the value premium we’ll pay for our exhibition. Lamentably, this isn't a duopoly which can be effectively broken. Entering the market as a third player is near outlandish as the innovative work costs required would run into many millions, if not billions, of dollars. In addition, Intel holds the x86 card away from plain view as less players in the market mean less rivalry which thus implies less work should be done and cash spent to hold their present position.

A commentary on the potentials of social media applications Essay

A critique on the possibilities of online life applications - Essay Example 11 Supporting of experimentation and take up 12 Creation of cooperative energies: 13 Bibliography 19 Introduction The past five years have come about to a developing energy inside the network of instruction about web2.0 advances. The innovation is an umbrella term used to allude to various web applications including wikis, long range informal communication, virtual social orders, folksonomies and blogging among others. Despite the fact that these applications vary in capacity and structure, every one of them share a trademark that is normal. That is, the supporting of collaboration that is web based inside and between gatherings. Web 2.0 innovation denotes an alternate seclusion from the 1900s web applications and furthermore the mid 2000s web applications, permitting types of trade that are â€Å"interactive† as opposed to broadcast† whereby data sharing is â€Å"many-to-many† when contrasted with one to many. Web 2.0 applications center around sharing and appoin tment of substance between network clients whose result is numerous components of client driven correspondence, content entertainment and creation and joint effort. Pundits are currently discussing a compose/read web where people can create effectively their own substance and furthermore use content produced by others. For example, Wikipedia is novel from the online Encyclopedia Britanica. This is on the grounds that, Wikipedia is an archive that is open along these lines being refreshed, made, refereed and altered by its perusers. This has caused it to get authority and precision from the consistently continuous accord and conversations as opposed to relying upon a solitary master word. Given the criticalness of joint effort, creation and correspondence to utilizing of the above named advancements, educationalist have been on the cutting edge calling attention to the web 2.0 potential for upgrading and supporting learning. The instruction motivation have concentrated on social prog ramming developing practices. Social programming is ordered extensively as programming that empowers communication between gatherings. The most well-known among people are conversation gatherings that are web based, dating destinations and person to person communication. From the investigations completed by the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS), it was reasoned that, new open doors for modernizing and enhancing preparing and instruction establishments and for motivations behind setting up the 21st century students, must be accomplished through the take-up of online networking applications outside settings of formal training (Alan-Mutka 2009, 2010). The expanded paces of web use for mail sending and accepting are a decent marker of the imagined criticalness of the web for information and correspondence. Notwithstanding that, the web is significant for data trade. With the advancement and presentation of numerous applications in web based life, intuitive and dynam ic web utilization has been energized and the pattern is further creating. The internet based life applications furnish its clients with networks and online systems for information trade and multi-directional correspondence (Fry 2004, p.305). Additionally, this application permits people to share and distribute computerized content like recordings, photographs and music. In the present world, the instructive utilization of social programming isn't very much consolidated. As such different activities are required across training, arrangement and designer networks before it getting compelling and broad.

Common Misspellings Words That Are Difficult to Spell

Common Misspellings Words That Are Difficult to Spell We love spelling in the US. Weve even turned it into a competitive sport, but that doesnt mean all of us know how to spell. While many of us rely on spellcheck and autocorrect, this can sometimes lead to unintended issues. Some words are plain tricky, and even our cousins in the UK (which invented many of the tricky-to-spell words) have similar difficulties. Words that are spelled phonetically present the fewest problems. Its the ones with strange letter combinations, silent letters and double consonants that are among the most difficult, and its hardly surprising that they give people headaches. An Embarrassment in Spelling Embarrassment with its double r and double s was chosen by British survey participants as the word they found most difficult to spell. I agree that it is an awkward one. I actually keep a list of words I often misspell near my computer, and I have to confess to my embarrassment that this word is on the list. Why do I keep a list of words I struggle to spell? So that I can learn them, of course. Everyone should have one. For those interested, below are the rest of the UK top ten hard to spell words consists of: Fluorescent Accommodate Psychiatrist Occasionally Necessary Questionnaire Mischievous Rhythm Minuscule Im happy to say only four of these are on my list, but necessary was only taken off it a few years ago. As a spelling exercise for our British brethren, I suggest that they write the following sentences one hundred times without spell-check or autocorrect enabled: I occasionally see a psychiatrist about my inability to accommodate the rhythm of necessary chores. If my home were a minuscule bit more organized, I wouldnt blush fluorescent pink with embarrassment when my mischievous brother comes to visit. Admittedly, being Brits, theyd best use the British spelling for organized. Although most British people tolerate American spelling well, it infuriates some of them, so if you are British, use an s instead of a z. Words Americans Struggle Spelling Google gets asked lots of questions, and it also gets asked how to spell words. The top ten words US Internet users asked google about were: Grey Cancelled Definitely Hors doeuvres Pneumonia Appreciate Hanukkah Restaurant Ninety Niece How did you fare with this list? Im happy to say I only have difficulty with two of them, and hors doeuvres was discussed in a recent blog post, so I think Ill remember how to spell it now. Based on Google searches, Idaho residents were either the worst spellers or those who were the most concerned about their spelling. Whichever the reason, they asked Google the most spelling based questions. Google also had a go at working out which words bothered people living in different states most. Some of the results are quite interesting, although what were to do with this knowledge remains a mystery. For example, if you live in Hawaii, not being sure of how to spell Pterodactyl keeps you awake at night. On the other hand, residents of Georgia are most worried about how to spell Pneumonia. Those living Sunshine State know so little about bad weather that they arent sure how to spell grey. Then there are Maine residents. They want to let us know theyre fed-up, or so it would seem. Their most googled spelling question was for frustrated. Can Americans Spell Embarrassed? Were not too unlike the British in our spelling vices. More than 60% of Americans cant spell the e-word. Other words that confuse us include: Liaison Millennium Friend Ridiculous The one thing we can console ourselves with is that everybody has words theyre not confident about spelling. After all, how are we supposed to know the breed of dog thats pronounced as Chiwawa is actually spelled Chihuahua? If we were to pronounce that in the way the series of letters suggests, it would be Chee-who-ah-who-ah, and thats exactly how I remember the correct spelling. Somewhere in my head, theres a little circuit that remembers it in its phonetically pronounced form. Theres a school of thought saying we should be given leeway to spell things logically. Before the invention of printing and the development of the first dictionaries, there were no real spelling rules. On the other side of the argument, some are pushing for even greater standardization. But since this would mean either the Brits or the Americans would have to give up their form of spelling, it seems unlikely this will ever happen. As a final consolation, you should know that some of the greatest writers in history were very bad spellers who relied on editors to pick up their errors, so if you struggle to spell certain words, youre in good company. (Photo courtesy of elginwx)

Advantage and Disadvange of Running a Family Business

Topic: Advantages and Disadvantages: Doing Business The benefits of running of family business far outweigh the disadvantages. Relate this to your personal experience. Use specific examples and provide appropriate evidence to support your answer. The definition of family business is a group of family members have controlling shares in a business (IFC Corporate Governance). Today, most family has their own company or factory. The family business across the world and continue to be more hopeful. The research shows that family businesses are positive in the future in next five years (PwC Family Business Survey, 2012). In this development of family business, running family business is profitable and confident about the future. Also my†¦show more content†¦In Muliez family, there 12% share is owned by the employees. Most of shares are owned by family members (Ajaero Tony Martins). Outsiders may work in a family business but won’t be a top management. Their ideas and skills cannot incorporated because of they are outsiders. Bill Gates said: The competition to hire the best will increase in the years ahead. Companies that give extra flexibility to their employees will have the edge in this area.’ Finally, the last disadvantage of running family business, family members are easier to be lazy. On the one hand, family members hold shares in company; they believe they would not lose this company. So it would lack of successful succession. Of course, this situation is not always happening. But when the stock is decreased, they shirk responsibility to each other. On the other hand, if the head of the family dies, this situation will be more serious. No one will go to lead them; but all of them want to be the head of the family business. They may not have ability to lead family business because of this lazy and shirk responsibility. A serious war will appear between family members. I think this is the biggest disadvantage of running family business. In conclusion, there are three benefits and disadvantage of running a family business. Even there are many disadvantages in running a big family business. Although in running family business case, people can know each other better, company is lack of

Isogram - Definition and Examples in English

Qualitative Study Pressure Ulcer Prevention - 923 Words

Qualitative Study The research article What influences the impact of pressure ulcers on health-related quality of life? A qualitative patient-focused exploration of contributory factors was recently published (2012) in the Journal of Tissue Viability by Gorecki, Nixon, Madill, Firth, and Brown. This is a qualitative study. Summary The authors were concerned with health-related quality of life (HRQL) and how pressure ulcers impact the patients subjective experience of care, because overall health care outcomes may be influenced by the interaction between disease burden and patient compliance. Thirty adult patients in hospital, rehabilitation, or community care in England and Ireland were recruited for the study. Inclusion in the study required being under the care of a tissue viability nurse. Six experience of care factors were identified as affecting adherence to treatment. Patient perceived quality of care was negatively affected by hospitalization, care inconsistencies, inadequate pain management, uncomfortable pressure-relieving devices, bed-rest for pressure ulcer treatment, and poor interactions with caregiver. Improved patient education concerning treatment and pressure ulcer etiology, and the perception that the caregiver was competent, promoted adherence to treatment. On the other side of the equation, patient lack of motivation for self-care, preoccupation with pressure ulcer risk and treatment, inaccurate information about treatments and causation, lackShow MoreRelatedPressure Ulcer Prevention Methods Vs. Attitudes Of The Nurse1485 Words   |  6 PagesIn Hospitalized Patient that are immobilized does the knowledge of the Registered Nurse on pressure ulcer prevention methods Vs the attitudes of the nurse towards pressure ulcer prevents clients from developing pressure ulcers throughout their length of stay in the hospital. 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Halfens M. Eggink 1995). What is more, less is known about the effectiveness of these methods. On account of this observation the author opted to recapitulate the fundamental care of preventing pressure sores among high risk individuals in a nursing home setting. Search Strategies Read MoreNurses Are Accountable For Delivering Safe Pressure Ulcer Prevention For Patients2107 Words   |  9 PagesNurses are accountable for delivering safe pressure ulcer prevention for patients who are at risk. Pressure ulcers can cause considerable amount of pain and distress in patients with nutritional deficiencies and can also cause high healthcare expenses due to extended hospital stay. Marlene Varga defines a pressure ulcer as â€Å"a localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear† (Varga, 2015, p. 26)

Business Intelligence and Analytics System

Question: Discuss about the Business Intelligence and Analytics System. Answer: Introduction Analysis of data quality is necessary for getting a clear overview of the different features of the data such as accuracy, completeness, update status, relevance, consistency across sources of data, reliability, presentation appropriateness and accessibility. First part of the current assignment provides a brief mind map of the problem that is the result of brainstorming. Scope and justification of the project that explain primary objective of the analysis is also presented in this assignment. A consistent description of the data has been provided in a data dictionary, which has been adjusted and copied from NSW data dictionary. A summary has also been provided for exploring the dataset. Analysis plan is also provided as a justification. The second part of the assignment provides two annotated bibliography that forms the basis of the discussions and brainstorming. Data construction has also been presented along with the result of exploration of the data. Finally, the data quality has been analyzed for the dataset in the current assignment. Project justification and scope Performance of the emergency departments (ED) has decreased by approximately 45% in New South Wales Productivity Committee. Patients at ED often stay for long due to improper handling of the database and improper maintenance of the data. Often the officials of the New South Wales Productivity does not maintain the excel database and hence the monitoring of the patients stay at the emergency department is not tracked properly. Due to poor data entry by the4 staffs, often-wrong arrival time and departure time are entered and the triage number is written improperly. Wrong management of the patients arrival and departure causes patients stay back in the ED for longer time that causes risk of overcrowding of the healthcare. Overcrowding within the clinic might lead to inferior outcomes such as mortality. When a patient requires priority checkup often the patient does not receive one and leads to the patient dying in the healthcare. Quality of treatment is another issue that arises due to overcrowding of the clinic as it causes healthcare officials to get busy managing and dealing with a huge crowd and they end up in improper management of the crowd priority and inputs wrong triage number. Timeliness of therapy is another serious issue, which occurs because of over crowdedness as doctors, nurses and healthcare professionals find it difficult to treat each patient with precision and care. The current project will analyze the database, which has been handled by New South Wales Productivity Department and look into the improvement scope of the datasets for performance of the emergency department especially in terms of patients long stay at the ED. diag1_commonwealth The person identifier column contains the set of data that links the data present in the row to a specific person and hence can be referred to as the patient ID. A patient can simply refer to the New South Wales Productivity Committee with their person identifier and they can trace them in their database. Departure date is inserted as date format and highlights the date the patient leaves the emergency department. Departure time denotes the time of departure followed by the actual departure time that contains the date along with time. Arrival date contains the date of patient arrival followed by arrival time that denotes the time of patient arriving at the emergency department. A duration column has been added that signifies the staying time of the patient at the emergency department in minutes. Mode of separation describes the status of the person at separation from the New South Wales Productivity Committee and denotes the place to which the person has been released. Ed visit type identifies the number allocated for each presentation in the department of agency on a regular basis. Triage category provides the emergency priority of the patient and presenting problem shows the problems suffered by the patient. Finally, the diagnosis codeset contains the information about the diagnosis done by the doctor and professionals. The data analysis will be done by following business understanding that will lead to proper data understanding. Data will be prepared based on the consecutive business as well as the data understanding. After preparing the data, modeling will be done and it will be evaluated. Through evaluation, it will lead to future scope of better business understanding. Finally, it will be deployed to understand and mitigate issues within New South Wales Productivity Committee. Bibliography Corrales, D.C., Ledezma, A. and Corrales, J.C., 2015. A Conceptual Framework for Data Quality in Knowledge Discovery Tasks (FDQ-KDT): A Proposal.JCP,10(6), pp.396-405. The journal provides about the data quality determination in discovery tasks based on knowledge. A conceptual framework has been provided that is used as a guideline for our project. Shafique, U. and Qaiser, H., 2014. A comparative study of data mining process models (KDD, CRISP-DM and SEMMA).Int. J. Innov. Sci. Res,12(1), pp.217-222.

An essay discussing to which extent economic change during 1789-1939 was a factor in the changing nature of anti-Semitism.

An essay discussing to which extent economic change during 1789-1939 was a factor in the changing nature of anti-Semitism. The modern industrial age brought along with it a whole new school of thought, thought based on science and rationality rather than the waning belief in religion. The social and economic revolution also saw Jews in a new light, one in which they were not merely thought of as Jews, in the religious sense, but viewed now as a people with their own particular inherited characteristics. For this reason hating Jews for their religious beliefs became outdated as a more modern and racially based Jew-hatred took its place.Jew-hatred, in its older form, saw short temporary violence towards Jews. This is stark in contrast to modern anti-Semitism which, with its racial ideology, brought a more structured and sustained attack on the Jewish race. The grounds for this were based on the developed belief by anti-Semites that Jews were "an unwanted intruder, arrogant, skilled and power hungry" (P. Pulzer). A number of political parties with anti-Semitic policies formed during this period highlighting the fact that this new form of Jew-hating had permanent, long-lasting convictions.Progressive Jewish Thought and the New Anti-Semiti...Before Jewish emancipation Jews were forced to live in ghettoes, secluded from the rest of society. Violence against them was brutal but not permanent enough to produce a reconstruction of the Jewish position in society. As Jews became viewed as a race with undesirable enduring characteristics they became persecuted in a way that sought an permanent end to the Jewish influence in modern day life. This raised a number of potential solutions among anti-Semites that considered the elimination of the Jewish race.The cause of these changes in the nature of anti-Semitism can be related to the economic circumstances during this period; however this was not the only cause of this change. Other factors including the increased value of science, the growth of nationalistic ideas among European...

Hazardous Lawns essays

Hazardous Lawns essays In Canada three out of every ten households use pesticides and almost half use chemical fertilizers (Ring, n.d.). Considering the vast number of households in the country the amount of chemicals that are seeping into our food and ground water is enormous. Pesticides have been linked to cause illnesses in people and wildlife. However, households continue to fertilize their lawns every spring to kill insects and weeds in order to obtain the perfect lawn. Pesticides are used to eliminate pests and designed to kill various species of weeds in our lawns. They are very effective at making or grass greener and less patchy. Typical pesticides include; insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and bacterial disinfectants. In Canada the most common pesticides at present are chlorphenoxy compounds which are used to kill broad leaved plants. The major ingredient is 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid and during manufacture other substances may be produced which contaminate the product, including dioxins such as tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. The second most common herbicide used in domestic situations is glyphosate When a pesticide is sprayed only 5% of the spray actually hits the targeted location. Movement from wind volatilization and leaching spreads the pesticide around. It could contaminate up to 30 homes in a residential area. A study suggests up to 3% of pesticides applied to lawns are tracked inside from feet walking over the sprayed area. Its difficult to document the level of pesticides in humans. Although humans are one race, people with different ethnic backgrounds could react differently to studies done on them. Most tests are done on genetically identical laboratory animals and then extrapolated to humans (Ring, n.d.). Glyphosate herbicide is an organic acid which can affect the function of the liver, kidney, skin, eyes, and can cause symptoms such as anorexia, vomiting, and muscle weakness. Pesticides have al ...

Analysing specific financial issues in Cable & Wireless Communications Essay

Analysing specific financial issues in Cable & Wireless Communications plc - Essay Example that are going to be included in the paper are: the stock market, company background, financial performance and investor values, gearing impact on investment, and the final summary section. The financial performance of the company will be evaluated over the last five years. The stock market is the most popular form of investment in the world. The largest and most liquid stock market in the United Kingdom is the London Stock Exchange (LSE). Once a firm is listed in the London Stock Exchange it becomes a public company. Investors can achieve investments in public companies by buying their common stock. Purchasing a common stock implies that the investor gain ownership in the company. To purchase common stocks a person must buy the stocks from a stockbroker. Due to advances in technology people today can purchase stocks using the services of online brokerage firms such as Scottrade. Scottrade charges its customers $7 per trade (Scottrade, 2014). The values of stocks sold in the stock market vary each minute while the market is open. Investing in the stock market can help a person gain wealth, but people must be aware that investing in common stocks is a high risk proposition. In order to lower the risk of investing in the stock market an investor must uti lize a diversification strategy. Diversification can be defined as spreading a portfolio over many investments to avoid excessive exposure to any one source of risk (Bodie, Kane, Marcus, 2002). The safest investment in common stocks that an investor can make is buying blue chip stocks. Blue chip stocks can be defined as a stock of a large, well-established and financially sound company that has operate for many years and whose market capitalization is in the billions of pounds (Investopedia, 2014). From the perspective of corporations the stock market serves the purpose of being a mechanism to raise money. Companies that become public enter the market through an initial public offering (IPO). Companies that already

Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Journal - Assignment Example Men will spend most of their time watching sports and playing video games as well as watching violent actions. What they see will make them think that to be a real man you need to be violent and aggressive like the stars they watch in movie actions. Men should know that that is not true because to be successful you don’t have to be powerful and dominating women. Women on the other hand spend most of their time building relationships in the media. They visit social sites in pursuit of relationship which times become more involving than the face-to face meetings. Such a use of media by women should stop because they will make them think that part of their life is looking for men who to depend on. Women should spend most of their time reading on their fields and ways to make money and run a family rather than building relationships on the media. Media personalities in their programs especially commentators use some rather harsh words against women athletes. Like Don Imus refer to women basketball team as â€Å"nappy-headed hoe.† Commentators also focus on physical attractiveness of female athletes like Maria Sharapova. On the other hand they portray men as skillful and talented. Commentators’ should focus only on the skillful and how talented the athletes and should not brought in to athletics the sexual natures of the athletes. They sports like the super sport only bring us and analyze in dept the European leagues and women have very little space. We also see only men rugby on our sports channels and rarely do we see women rugby. This will affirm our cultural believe that because men participate in more physical games like rugby then they are strong. The gatekeepers in the media houses also majority are men and this should be changed to have a 50/50 representation. The gatekeepers are responsible for what we regard as more important. The first news headlines or what is on cover page of the newspapers

Progression of Morality Essay Example for Free

Progression of Morality Essay Throughout the centuries, morality has guided the beliefs and actions of families as well as societies. It has brought them together but it has also torn them apart. These beliefs continue to be a dominant force throughout many societies, affecting everything from what people wear to how they behave. The progression of morality has been a powerful basis for societies. The spectrum of greater access to the ideas and customs of different cultures, because of technology mass media and entertainment, especially television, has resulted in a diverse cultural blending. As cultural ideas move with people among cultures, some beliefs seem to have a greater effect than others. Blending of Morality In the 21st century, ideas from the West have been one of the dominant forces in shaping cultures in many parts of the world. The United States domination of the worldwide mass media has influenced different cultures significantly, leaving behind a legacy of western customs and ideas. The English language is also spoken globally, mainly because of Europe’s history of colonization in the Americas, Asia, and Africa. It has emerged as one of the premier international languages. English is the most common language used on the Internet and is responsible, in part, for the emergence of a dynamic global culture. Western business suits are standard uniforms among many people. McDonald’s hamburgers and Coca-Cola soft drinks can be purchased in many countries around the world. Many Disney characters are now commonly recognized because of Human World Views: HUM 360 Walt Disney theme park locations in Paris, Tokyo, and Hong Kong. These examples of common dress, food, and entertainment all originate from America and are incorporated into other cultures. Western influence has also affected ways of thinking as well in many cultures with the expansion of materialism. This American mindset of placing high value on acquiring material possessions seems to have been adopted by many people of different cultures. Conflicts of Morality There have also been many historical conflicts among people of different racial, national, linguistic, or cultural groups. Some ethnic or religious groups have had moral issues that reach back for decades and, in some, for centuries. Examples of such conflicts would be â€Å"the troubles† between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland (McKittrick McVea, 2002) and the hostilities between Palestinians and Jews in the Middle East. People caught in these conflicts, that have been characterized by terrible violence, sometimes suffered torture or massacres of their whole towns or villages. An exemplification of such extreme immoral behavior is the violence imposed on the Kurds, a nomadic group in southwest Asia. For decades, Kurds have wanted their own separate country. But because their traditional lands cross the borders of three nations, it’s been an unsettling issue (McDowall, 2004). The Turks have responded to the Kurdish nationalism by forbidding Kurds to speak their native language. The Iranians have also persecuted the Kurds, attacking them over religious issues. In the late 1980’s, the Iraqis used chemical weapons on the Kurds, known as the Halabja Massacre or Bloody Friday , killing around 5,000 people (Esteri, 2012). Throughout history and present day, morality has played an important role in bringing people together. It has also, at times, driven them apart. Morality guides the beliefs and behaviors of its members. Whatever emotions it prompts, morality remains one of the most powerful influential forces on mankind in the world. ?

Business Credit Evaluation :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Business Credit Evaluation Credit Review Summary What Banks Look For The most fundamental characteristics a prospective lender will want to examine are: - credit history of the borrower - cash flow history and projections for the business - collateral that is available to secure the loan - character of the borrower - loan documentation that includes business and personal financial statements, income tax returns, and frequently a business plan, and that essentially sums up and provides evidence for the first four items listed The first three of these criteria are largely objective data (although interpretation of the numbers can be subjective). The fourth item, the borrower's character, allows the lender to make a more subjective assessment of the business's market appeal and the business savvy of its operators. In assessing whether to finance a small business, lenders are often willing to consider individual factors that represent strengths or weaknesses for a loan. Also consider our discussion of how banks judge your application. Loan Application, Bank Review Form: What Do Banks Really Look For? Financial Statement: Last 3 years of business financial statements and/or tax returns Last 3 years of owner ¡Ã‚ ¦s personal tax return Current personal financial statement Cash Flow from Operations "Why is there so much month left at the end of the money?"  ¡X Unknown The cash flow from your business's operations  ¡X the cycle of cash flow, from the purchase of inventory through the collection of accounts receivable  ¡X is the most important factor for obtaining short-term debt financing. A lender's primary concern is whether your daily operations will generate enough cash to repay the loan. In addition, cash flow shows how your major cash expenditures relate to your major cash sources. This information may give a lender insight into your business's market demand, management competence, business cycles, and any significant changes in the business over time. While a variety of factors may affect cash flow and a particular lender's evaluation of your business's cash flow numbers, a small community bank might consider an acceptable working cash flow ratio  ¡X the amount of available cash at any one time in relationship to debt payments  ¡X to be at least 1.15:1. As most lenders are aware, cash flow also presents the most troubling problem for small businesses, and they will typically require both historic and projected cash flow statements. Managing Your Cash Flow A healthy cash flow is an essential part of any successful business.

Article †Loricia Skin Care’s Home Spa Line

Enjoy the benefits of a private and luxurious spa treatment in which all resources exist solely for you and all attention is focused directly on your needs. This is the treatment you receive with Loricia Skin Care’s Home Spa Line, specially designed to cater to the African American woman’s skin. In fact, this product is designed to fit the varied skin types that exist, and choosing Loricia’s home spa products means choosing the service that is tailored to suit the needs of your particular skin type. We have a combination for every skin type. Choose from Mature Skin Care, Oily Combination Skin Care, Normal Combination Skin Care and Dry Skin Care products that are designed to improve all skin conditions and bring out the best in your skin. The Mature Skin Care formula will pamper your skin, cleansing it from all impurities and restoring it to its natural beauty. Your inner glow will shine through with the use of Ginseng Toner and Marine Moisturizer to bring out the health and beauty of your skin. The Combination Skin Care treatment uses gentle exfoliating cleansers, Ginseng Toners, and Sage & Citrus moisturizers to remove oil, blemishes and fortify your skin against harmful grease and grime. Normal Combination Skin Care uses a unique blend of Borage Leaf and other minerals to give your skin that extra healthy glow. It also uses Restorative Marine Moisturizer to restore your skin to the glorious splendor of youth. For Dry Skin Care, trust our revitalizing Chamomile Cleansing Lotion together with Ginseng Toner and Marine Moisturizer to remove dry, flaky skin and protect your face from wind and cold elements that dry it out. Be pampered, indulged and spoiled by our unique Home Spa products that treat you as special, as though you were the only woman in the world. Made especially for the African American skin, you will be enveloped in a warm, fresh and aromatic cocoon of lavish gratification that shows in the elegance and beauty of the skin you present to the world every day. Â   Â  

Federal Aviation Administration s Policies - 1151 Words

In August of 2015, quickly approaching the September 30th renewal of the Federal Aviation Administration’s policies, many regional airlines questioned the amount of time required for commercial pilots to have under their training belt. As of 2013, it is an FAA standard that pilots training for their commercial license must accumulate 1,500 hours before they are considered to have completed the program. While 1,500 hours of flying time, especially for pilots of a commercial airplane, does not seem like much, the minimum amount of hours that they had to accumulate before the rule change was just a mere 250 hours of fly time. With an increase of 1,250 hours, many of the executives from these regional airlines are upset because of one effect†¦show more content†¦In some cases, an airline has even had to remove themselves from an airport due to the unpopularity or the inability to fund said airline flying out of that airport. While losing routes, and therefore revenue, is a big deal to most of these major airlines, the pilots of these airlines seem to have a different take on the problem. They believe it is the salary they get from the airline themselves that deters pilot from flying commercial planes. Pilots pay $150,000 to $200,000 to obtain their commercial license, while some airlines are only offering $21,000 or less as a starting salary. All in all, potential candidates for a commercial pilot’s license are having a hard time believing that their significant training expenses will be rewarded in the long run. Whatever the case may be to the shortage of pilots, there is one group fighting against any amendment or new legislation that would require, or encourage, pilots getting 1,500 hours before piloting a commercial plane for an airline. These are the families of the 50 people that died in a 2009 Colgan Airlines crash that happened in Buffalo, New York. In this case, the pilots were flying through a snowstorm, and on an improper response to a turboprop maneuver, the plane stalled and crashed, consequently. While the pilots’ lack of training was documented as the ultimate cause to this crash, the pilots of this flight had 3,379 and 2,244 hours of flying. So that begs the question,

Boston Environmental Analysis Boston Essay - 1633 Words

Zhuoran Li NRES102: Instructor Carmen Ugarte Boston Environmental Analysis Introduction Over the last few decades, Boston has come across many environmental problems. Air pollution, water contamination and pollution in land resources are identified as primary areas of concerns. Carbon emission and wastage of fossil fuels are the main reasons for pollution. Conservation of energy is very significant. Through utilization of renewable energy sources fossil fuel wastage can be reduced to considerable level. In Boston, many organizations at state and private levels are already working to deal with key environmental issues. For this purpose many programs at grass root and bigger scale are working to spread awareness among masses. In addition, many programs have been implemented at an effective level in order to cope with environmental challenges. Environmental Problems in Boston: In the realm of current environmental issues all over the globe, Boston also faces some of the most common issues. In this section, the existing and emerging environmental problems of this region will be discussed along with the reasons behind these problems. Air Related Problems: Air pollution is one of the biggest causes of environmental impact in any region. Therefore, air quality needs to be evaluated and maintained for avoiding health hazards. According to WHO, air pollution claims more than 2.4 million lives each year (WHO, 2002). Cities have to face more air pollution problems as compared toShow MoreRelatedProduct Management Using Boston Matrix Tool With Product Life Cycle Management Essay808 Words   |  4 PagesProduct Management Using Boston Matrix Tool with Product Life Cycle Management INTRODUCTION: Oil and gas theft and spillage along pipelines are caused by two major phenomena: damages and ruptures. 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Lethal Injection And Juvenile Criminals Be Sentenced Like...

Although lethal injections and juvenile criminals seem unrelated topics, they both deal with problems in the criminal justice system. The titles are â€Å"Should Juvenile Criminals Be Sentenced Like Adults?† by Abigail Pesta. Pesta is an award-winning journalist and an author; she was also a graduate from the University of Notre Dame. â€Å"Lethal Injection for Execution: Chemical Asphyxiation?† by Teresa A. Zimmerman, Jonathan Sheldon, David A. Lubarsky, Francisco Lopez-Munoz, Linda Waterman, Richard Weisman, and Leonidas G. Koniaris. These writers graduated from the University of Miami. However, all were medical majors, but in different areas. In Pesta’s article she tells the story about a young man named Sean, who spent time behind bars in Riker’s Island, NY. In this article the authors gave specific information about the effects of lethal injections and whether if they act as intended or not. The audience for both is the public, justice system, and pe ople in the medical field. The purpose of the first article is to inform the audience on someone’s perspective behind bars and how it affected them. Also, this article was thesis driven. Then the second article’s purpose is to show how unreliable lethal injections. The format of this article is IMRAD. These two articles show us how the justice system is flawed. These two articles have completely different points of views. The first article is from a personal point of view. This article shows what Sean experienced in prison through

Superstitions About Rats free essay sample

One can also tell that Aniline prefers living in a ‘pretend’ world rather than being realistic about matters. Aniline’s superstitions play a huge role in how she lives her life and how others perceive her as a person. These superstitions limit her opportunities and play a role in Aniline having a negative perception of life. There are two very similar settings that are portrayed in the story: One being at Anilines school, which is described to be very poor – handed down uniforms, scorched quad and chicken-wire fence surrounding their school, and the other being at Anilines home which is a way out of town on her mother’s struggling farm. I will be discussing the way in which the extract, when contextualised, helps with the understanding and discussion of Aniline as a character. In the opening paragraph of ‘Superstitions About Rats’, Aniline reveals that she prefers algebra to geometry, because in algebra there are ‘what-if’ questions. This reveals that Aniline becomes paranoid when there is only one answer, which could also suggest that Aniline prefers to have many answers in her life, rather than one set answer. This also indicates that Aniline prefers to live in a world of make believe, where certain events determine the future, rather than facing the real world where people are responsible for their own lives and future. During lunch at school, when Aniline, Neo and Lindi meet on the grass, Aniline suggests ‘The Test’ to determine who will be prefects, and who will not. This shows Aniline’s need for her superstitions to determine her future as a scholar. Instead of working hard and doing extra work to prove herself as responsible enough for the leadership role as a school prefect, Aniline believes that only ‘The Test’ will determine if she becomes a prefect or not. Becoming a school prefect or not has a huge impact on Aniline’s future; it would help her to better het education by being invited to attend a private girls’ school. However, there are also other options that Aniline could investigate in order to obtain a scholarship at the private girls’ school: Aniline could have dedicated herself to her studies and could have obtained a scholarship, or she could have asked her father to pay for her studies. On page 141, Aniline is waiting for someone to pick her up at school. While she is waiting, Aniline decides to play a game where she predicted that if the next car that she saw was her mother’s, she would get the scholarship, and after that, if the car after the next was her mother’s, her mom would write to her father and ask him to pay for the private school. We learn that Aniline’s father has the means to pay for her private school education, but instead of simply asking her mother to write to her father, she relies on oncoming cars to determine the outcomes. This shows that Aniline does not do something to try improve her circumstances. Aniline’s mother plays a large role on Aniline’s use of superstitions to determine her life. On page 142 when Aniline gets home her mother asks if her daughter is a prefect, and Aniline tells her that they have not yet heard. Her mom replies with â€Å"Well, if the ants still come after you’ve cleaned up that sugar, it’ll mean you’re getting it, OK? This shows her use of superstitions, and the reader can only assume that these superstitions have been used throughout Aniline’s life since a young age. Another instance where Aniline’s mom makes use of superstitions to determine their future is when she asked Aniline to count all the stars that were inside the ring around the moon, and the amount of stars would symbolise the amount of days in which the rain would start. Aniline also made use of a superstition to determine of there would be rain or not, which would determine the success of her mother’s farm with planting mielies. Aniline believed that if the chickens were quiet, there would not be rain. This shows that Aniline and her mother both rely on their superstitions for success, and when their superstitions don’t go the way they want them to, they do not try to do anything about it or make an alternative plan. On page 145, Theo slapped Aniline across the face because she dropped a bottle and the ashtray, which caused the bottle to break and Theo’s friend’s foot being cut open. After being slapped, Aniline went straight to her room; she did not confront Theo for slapping her or tell him that she feels that it was not necessary. This relates to the extract where Mrs Coetzee tells Aniline to start saying something or doing something. On the last page, page 149, Mrs Coetzee requested to speak to Aniline. She told her that she had not been chosen to be a prefect at their school. After hearing the bad news, Aniline did not say anything in return or ask any questions regarding the matter. This shows Aniline’s acceptance that her superstitions were right and were the reason she did not get the responsibility of prefect. In conclusion, the reader can see through Aniline’s actions throughout the story that she chooses not to say anything or do anything to improve or control her circumstances or future, she only relies on her superstitions to control her life, and does not stand up for herself or fight for her goals. Aniline is a character that does not develop during the story. The use of Aniline’s superstitions is proof that she chooses to live in a world of many possibilities and not in the real world where you determine your own destiny.

Science and Religion Essay Example

Science and Religion Essay RELIGION and science are sometimes assumed mortal enemies. To some they appear locked in a struggle of such magnitude that it may seem that one will triumph only by the death of the other. In one camp are some scientists, such as chemist Peter Atkins, who feel that reconciling religion and science is â€Å"impossible.† Atkins says that to believe â€Å"that God is an explanation (of anything, let alone everything) is intellectually contemptible.† (as quoted by Russel, 45) In another camp are religious people who blame science for the destruction of faith. Such individuals hold to the opinion that science as practiced today is a deception; its facts may be correct, but the misinterpretation of those facts undermines the beliefs of the faithful. For instance, biologist William Provine says that Darwinism means â€Å"no ultimate foundation for ethics; no ultimate meaning for life.† (as quoted by McGrath, 41) However, some of the conflict has developed because of false or not provable assertions originating from both sides. For centuries, religious leaders have taught mythical legends and erroneous dogmas that are at odds with modern scientific findings and not based on inspired Scripture. For example, the Roman Catholic Church condemned Galileo because he concluded, correctly, that the earth revolves around the sun. Galileo’s view in no way contradicted the Bible, but it was contrary to what the church taught at the time. On the other hand, scientists are at fault when they teach as fact the ‘not-provable’ theory that life evolved from inanimate matter independent of God. They ridicule religious faith as unscientific. Is it possible, then, to reconcile science and religion? Yes, it is. Actually, proven science and true religion complement rather than contradict each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Science and Religion specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Science and Religion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Science and Religion specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Similarities and Differences of Science and Religion BOTH science and religion, in their noblest forms, involve the search for truth. Science discovers a world of magnificent order, a universe that contains distinctive marks of intelligent design. True religion makes these discoveries meaningful by teaching that the mind of the Creator lies behind the design manifest in the physical world. â€Å"I find my appreciation of science is greatly enriched by religion,† says Francis Collins, a molecular biologist. He continues: â€Å"When I discover something about the human genome, I experience a sense of awe at the mystery of life, and say to myself, ‘Wow, only God knew before.’ It is a profoundly beautiful and moving sensation, which helps me appreciate God and makes science even more rewarding for me.† (as quoted by McGrath, 42-43) What will help one to reconcile science and religion? Among the basic concerns of both science and religion is the theory concerning astronomy as well as to how the universe came forth. It could be noticed how different both sides are upon seeing the possibilities of the coming forth of an awesome universe which is being studied by science right now. However, recent results on researches in science have paved way to the potential of the so-called ‘religious belief’, which could be in direct connection with what science have discovered just recently. These are times of astonishment on a scale previously unknown. New discoveries from space are forcing astronomers to revise their views of the origin of our universe. Many people are fascinated with the cosmos and are asking the ancient questions that are raised by people’s existence in it: How did the universe and life come about and why? Even if people look in the other direction, the recent mapping of the human genetic code raises the questions: How were the multitudes of life forms created? Moreover, who, if anyone, created them? The sheer complexity of the genetic blueprint of humans moved a U.S. president to say, â€Å"We are learning the language in which God created life.† (as quoted by Raman, 47) One of the chief scientists involved in the genetic decoding humbly remarked: â€Å"We have caught the first glimpse of our own instruction book, previously known only to God.† (Barbour, 21) However, the questions persist—how and why? Some scientists claim that all the workings of the universe can be explained by rational analysis, leaving no room for divine wisdom. However, many people, including scientists, are not comfortable with that view. They attempt to comprehend reality by looking to both science and religion. They feel that science deals with the how of our existence and of the cosmos around us, while religion deals principally with the why. Explaining this dual approach, physicist Freeman Dyson said: â€Å"Science and religion are two windows that people look through trying to understand the big universe outside.† â€Å"Science deals with the measurable, religion deals with the immeasurable,† suggested author William Rees-Mogg. (as quoted by Raman, 22) He said: â€Å"Science can neither prove nor disprove the existence of God, any more than it can prove or disprove any moral or aesthetic proposition. There is no scientific reason to love one’s neighbor or to respect human life . . . To argue that nothing exists which cannot be proved scientifically is the crudest of errors, which would eliminate almost everything we value in life, not only God or the human spirit, but love and poetry and music.† (as quoted by Raman, 23) It is fitting to have proper respect for scientific knowledge and achievements. However, many will agree that while science involves a way of knowing, it is not the only source of knowledge. The purpose of science is to describe phenomena in the natural world and to assist in answering how these phenomena occur. Science provides us with insights into the physical universe, meaning everything that is observable. Nevertheless, no matter how far scientific investigation goes, it can never answer the question of purpose—why the universe exists in the first place. â€Å"There are some questions that scientists can never answer,† remarks author Tom Utley. â€Å"It may be that the Big Bang happened 12  billion years ago. However, why did it happen? .  .  . How did the particles get there in the first place? What was there before?† Utley concludes: â€Å"It seems.  .  . clearer than ever that science will never satisfy the human hunger for answers.† (Russell, 47) Scientific knowledge gained through such inquisitiveness, far from disproving the need for a God, has only served to confirm what a fantastically complex, intricate, and awe-inspiring world we live in. Many thinking people find it plausible to conclude that the physical laws and chemical reactions as well as DNA and the amazing diversity of life all point to a Creator. There is irrefutable proof to the contrary. If there is a Creator behind the universe, we cannot expect to comprehend him or his purposes by using telescopes, microscopes, or other scientific instruments. Think of a potter and a vase that he has formed. No amount of examination of the vase itself can give an answer as to why it was made. For that, we must ask the potter himself. Molecular biologist Francis Collins explains how faith and spirituality can help fill the void science leaves: â€Å"I would not expect religion to be the right tool for sequencing the human genome and by the same token would not expect science to be the means to approaching the supernatural. However, on the interesting larger questions, such as ‘Why are we here?’ or ‘Why do human beings long for spirituality?’ I find science unsatisfactory. Many superstitions have come into existence and then faded away. Faith has not, which suggests it has reality.† (as quoted by Russell, 45) Functions of the Scientific and Religious theories In an overall context, it could be considered that both Science and Religion play a great role in the human society. Their existence in the society makes it possible for man to understand things that are occurring around him. Certainly, it could then be identified that both sectors could be considered as functional factors for the human life. How? Science continues to discover ways by which man could understand the system of things that evolve around him, along with this, the ability of Science to uncover the mysteries that man used to misunderstand has helped humanity progress a lot with regards to the new inventions of technology, which are patterned from the different theoretical claims of Science. On the other hand, Religion functions as a social regulator. The Bible, which is known to be the basis of most existing religions in the human society, also uncovers the mysteries behind life and creation, which dated back much earlier than science. Hence, most Scientists consider the Bible fallacious because, according to them, the Bible does not provide much strong evidence to its claims. However, upon discovering reality through the processes that scientists believe t be authenticated, they finally understand that what the Bible claims to be true is indeed real since the evidences which they find out pertain to the claims of the Bible. This fact could be regarded through the progress. By the ninth century, Arab scientists were fast becoming the leaders in matters of science. Particularly during the 10th and 11th centuries—while Christendom marked time—they enjoyed a golden age of accomplishment. They made valuable contributions to medicine, chemistry, botany, physics, astronomy, and above all, mathematics. Maan Z.  Madina, associate professor of Arabic at Columbia University, says, â€Å"Modern trigonometry as well as algebra and geometry are in considerable measure Arab creations.† (as quoted by Eliade, 41) Much of this scientific knowledge was original. However, some of it was based on the broad foundation of Greek philosophy and was brought about, strangely enough, by religious involvement. Comparatively early in the Common Era, Christendom spread into Persia and afterward into Arabia and India. During the fifth century, Nestorius, the patriarch of Constantinople, became embroiled in a controversy that led to a schism within the Eastern Church. This led to the forming of a breakaway group, the Nestorians. In the seventh century, when the new religion of Islam burst onto the world scene and began its campaign of expansion, the Nestorians were quick to pass on their knowledge to their Arab conquerors. According to The Encyclopedia of Religion, â€Å"the Nestorians were the first to promote Greek science and philosophy by translating Greek texts into Syrian and then into Arabic.† (Raman, 41) They were also â€Å"the first to introduce Greek medicine into Baghdad.† Arab scientists began building upon the things they learned from the Nestorians. Arabic replaced Syrian as the language of science in the Arab empire and proved to be a language that lent itself well to scientific writing. However, the Arabs gave as well as took. When the Moors moved into Europe through Spain—to stay for over 700 years—they brought along an enlightened Muslim culture. Moreover, during the eight so-called Christian Crusades, between 1096 and 1272, Western crusaders were impressed by the advanced Islamic civilization with which they came in contact. They returned, as one author put it, with â€Å"a host of new impressions.† Beginning in the 12th century, the flame of learning that had burned brightly in the Muslim world began to dim. It was rekindled, however, in Europe as groups of scholars began forming the forerunners of modern universities. In the middle of the 12th century, the universities of Paris and of Oxford came into being. The University of Cambridge followed in the early 13th century and those of Prague and of Heidelberg both in the 14th. By the 19th century, universities had become major centers of scientific research. (Russell, 47) Originally, these schools were strongly influenced by religion, most studies centering on or slanted toward theology. However, at the same time, the schools accepted Greek philosophy, particularly the writings of Aristotle. According to The Encyclopedia of Religion, â€Å"the Scholastic method.  .  . throughout the Middle Ages.  .  . was structured according to the Aristotelian logic of defining, dividing, and reasoning in its exposition of the text and its resolution of difficulties.† (Russell, 48) One 13th-century scholar intent on combining Aristotelian learning with Christian theology was Thomas Aquinas, later called the â€Å"Christian Aristotle.† Nevertheless, on some points he differed with Aristotle. Aquinas rejected, for example, the theory that the world had always existed, agreeing with the Scriptures that it had been created. By holding â€Å"firmly to the belief that the earth and the entire creation is an ordered universe that can be comprehended by the light of reason,† says The Book of Popular Science, he â€Å"made a valuable contribution to the development of modern science.† (Raman, 41) For the most part, however, the teachings of Aristotle, Ptolemy, and Galen were accepted as gospel truth, even by the church. The aforementioned reference work explains: â€Å"In the Middle Ages, when interest in scientific experiment and direct observation was at low ebb, Aristotle’s word was law. Ipse dixit (‘He himself said it’) was the argument that medieval schoolmen used to prove the truth of many a ‘scientific’ observation. Under these circumstances the errors of Aristotle, particularly in physics and astronomy, held up scientific progress for centuries.† (Raman, 56) One who challenged this blind adherence to former views was the 13th-century Oxford friar Roger Bacon. Called â€Å"the greatest figure in medieval science,† Bacon was almost alone in advocating experimentation as a means of learning scientific truths. It is said that as early as 1269, clearly centuries ahead of his time, he predicted automobiles, airplanes, and motorized ships. Yet, despite foresight and a brilliant mind, Bacon was limited in his knowledge of the facts. He strongly believed in astrology, magic, and alchemy. This demonstrates that science is indeed an ongoing search for truth, always subject to revision. Although scientific investigation appeared to lie dormant in the 14th century, as the 15th  century neared its end, mankind’s search for scientific truth was far from over. In fact, the next 500 years would far overshadow what had preceded them. The world stood on the threshold of a scientific revolution. The details broken down in this paper regarding the developments of Science have contributed so much on the social progress of the human generations which also depends on different religious advances as well. Conclusion As it could be seen, Science and Religion are two interconnected social factors that pertain to a single theme, to make it easier for humans to understand how their world evolves and how the systems could affect their lives. Directly, both social factors influence people’s beliefs and views on living. Hence, it could be noted that the theories and beliefs created by both studies and affiliation creates mass knowledge of the essential understandings that the human civilization should know.

The Ultimate AP Human Geography Study Guide

The Ultimate AP Human Geography Study Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In your AP Human Geography class, you'll learn about the dynamics of societies around the world in economic, social, political, and environmental contexts. This course focuses a lot on ideas and models, along with terminology that defines the ways in which we've chosen to inhabit and change our surroundings. The following AP Human Geography study guide is designed to guide you through all the concepts covered in the course, with an emphasis on cumulative preparation for the AP exam. What Will You Get From This AP Human Geography Study Guide? This guide will help you review for assessments in your AP Human Geography class by providing links to practice resources and tips on effective study strategies. I'll also give advice that's specific to preparing for the final AP exam. In the first section, I’ll detail a step-by-step process you can follow to create and execute a customized study plan for the test.This process includes taking a diagnostic test, evaluating your weaknesses, studying the content areas where you struggled the most, and taking additional practice tests to check your progress. To follow up the study plan, I’ll list a few key study tips to remember as you revisit the course content and take practice exams.I’ll also give you notes for each topic area that you can use to study for in-class tests and review for the AP exam. Having all this information in one place will hopefully make studying for this class much less stressful! Creating a Study Plan for AP Human Geography In this section, I'll go through the steps of a basic study plan for the AP exam. Most of the principles will also apply to your studying for tests throughout the class, but full practice tests are only important when directly preparing for the final exam. You can use shorter topic-specific quizzes to diagnose your weaknesses in different units of the course earlier in the school year. Step 1: Take and Score a Full Practice Test The first step is to take a full practice test so you can get a better idea of your current score level.When you take the test, time it to the specifications of the real AP exam so that you’ll be able to tell if you have any issues with time management. Keep in mind that on the AP test, you only have an hour to answer 75 multiple-choice questions.To be on the safe side, you should try to get your time down to around 30 seconds per question.The only way to get used to this pace is to take practice tests under the same conditions. You might consider usingthis full practice test from Barron’s, which offers both timed and untimed versions with automatic scoring for multiple choice.As you take your practice test, circle or make note of any questions where you feel anything less than totally confident in your answer. Even if you end up getting them right, you should reexamine that content later in your review to increase your comfort level with the material. When you're done, score your test so you can see where you fall in the AP range. You can use this online calculatorfor a decent score estimation based on how many raw points you earned.Then, set a goal for improvement, and decide how many hours you’ll need to put into your prep.If you have a couple of months, you should be able to put in 20+ hours of study time.This will be an appropriate amount studying if you’re hoping to improve by more than one AP point.If you only need to improve by one point or are just looking to raise your score within the same range, you might be able to wait until the month before the test to start the rest of the process. You shouldn’t need to study for more than 10-20 hours. Step 2: Go Through Your Mistakes If you decide to begin the rest of this process now, go through your mistakes on the practice test, and categorize them.This is how you’ll decide which content and skill areas to focus on in your review.There’s no point in studying concepts and terms that you’ve already mastered.If you want to see real improvements, this is the most important stage of the study process.You can’t fix your mistakes unless you know what they are first! Step 3: Study Appropriate Content After you finish analyzing your mistakes, start looking at notes that correspond to the areas where you had the most trouble on the test.Make sure you’re fully absorbing the information as you read.In this case, flashcards might be useful because there are so many terms to remember for AP Human Geography.If you found the free response questions especially challenging, practice a few more of those before you move on to the next step.You can also use some of the sites I’ll link to later in this article to review specific topics with short multiple-choice quizzes. Step 4: Take a Second Full Practice Test When you feel that you’ve fully addressed all of your mistakes on the first test, you can take a second test to see if your scores have improved. Compare your new score to the goal you set in the first step, and decide whether you want to go through the study process again or are happy with your current score. If you're satisfied, you can take a break and just do a bit of light review up until the test. If you find that you haven’t improved, you should reevaluate how you conducted this process and make some changes to your strategy in the next round.Were you in an environment that was too distracting? Did you skim over our notes without really absorbing them? These are the kinds of things that can cause your progress to stall. For planning purposes, here’s the estimated time required for each of the steps in the process for this exam: Step 1: 2.5 hours Step 2: 1 hour Step 3: 2 hours Step 4: 2.5 hours It should take approximately eight hours total for a complete cycle. Of course, you can always extend the time you spend reviewing content if you’re rusty on a bunch of different topics or just want to be extra thorough. Clean off that rust with an acidic solution of facts. AP Human Geography Study Tips These are a few of the most valuable strategies to keep in mind as you go through your study plan to prepare for the AP exam.They should also be helpful in your preparation for smaller assessments throughout the school year in your class. Tip #1: Know Your Regions To get full credit for most free response questions, you have to provide specific examples to support your answers.That means being able to identify the characteristics of world regions regarding their various cultures, demographics, and physical environments.You’ll see a map of the major regions covered by AP Human Geography in the content section of this guide along with a list of seven topics.You should be able to locate each region and identify the relationship it has with each of the seven topic areas. Tip #2: Terms, Terms, Terms Although knowing your way around a map is important, much of AP Human Geography is about your knowledge of terminology.I’d highly recommend making flashcards or using online flashcards in your studying (I'll put a link to some of these in the upcoming content section!).Many multiple-choice questions are essentially just asking for definitions, and some free response questions begin by asking you to define a term that the rest of the question addresses in more depth. Even if it's not this direct, knowing your way around the language of the field of geography will make it much easier to understand questions without relying on shaky assumptions or inferences. Tip #3: Pay Attention to Important Models and Theories Human Geography is mostly considered a humanities subject, but there are some scientific elements to it. These show up in the form of demographic models that are introduced throughout the course. It's important to know how to read models and understand what they represent. You should also know how they connect to major theories in human geography and what those theories say about the development of society. I'll give you a link to a comprehensive list of models and theories at the end of the next section. Skylar, how many times do I have to explain homophones to you? YOU'RE. NOT. HELPING. AP Human GeographyTopics and Notes AP Human Geography covers seven major topic areas. In this section,I’ll list each of them followed by notes that cover relevant subtopics. You can use these notes in the content review stage of your final AP study process and during the year as you review for in-class tests.You might find these notes (from CourseNotes) difficult to get through because they’re written in such a way that it’s hard to pick out key concepts. There are a lot of long paragraphs with no bolding of important terms.If you find these notes borderline incomprehensible, you should try getting a review book that puts all the content in clearer terms. I thinkCracking the AP Human Geography Exam is a good starting point. As a precursor to the notes, here's a map of all the world regions that are discussed throughout the course. You'll need to consider how these topics apply differently to varying locations around the globe: Topic #1: Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives Geography and Human Geography Topic #2: Population The Earth As Humanity’s Home Fundamentals of Population: Location, Distribution, and Density Processes and Cycles of Population Change Where and Why People Move Topic #3: Cultural Patterns and Processes Cultures, Environments, and Regions A Geography of Languages Diffusion of Languages Modern Language Mosaics Origins and Distribution of Religions Religion: Location, Diffusion, and Cultural Landscape Religion, Culture, and Conflict Topic #4: Political Organization of Space Political Culture and the Evolving State State Organization and National Power Multinationalism on the Map The Changing Global Political Landscape Topic #5: Agricultural and Rural Land Use The Livelihoods of Rural Peoples Rural Settlement Forms Commercial Agriculture Global Disparities in Nutrition and Health Topic #6: Industrialization and Economic Development Industrial Activity and Geographic Location Resources and Regions: The Global Distribution of Industry Concepts of Development From Deindustrialization to Globalization Topic #7: Cities and Urban Land Use Civilization and Urbanization Urbanization and Location Urban Pattern and Structure Changing Civic Experiences Since terms are so important on the exam, I’d also recommend checking out this full list of all vocab covered by the course (provided by Quizlet) so that you can review all the vocabulary you need to know in one place. You should also check out this overview of all the different theories and models covered throughout the course. When lots of humans get together to form an urban community, they can't help but color on everything. What an adorable species. Resources for Reviewing Content In this section, I’ll go over a few different resources that you can use to test your knowledge of the content and take practice tests and quizzes. Review Books Review books are helpful resources that provide access to additional practice questions and tests.They often include diagnostic tests that will help you diagnose your weak areas accurately and with less legwork on your part.Especially in a subject like Human Geography that can be a little elusive, review books will help you figure out exactly what you need to study and how you should study it.Read my guide to the best review books for this course to get a better idea of which ones you should consider getting.Some solid review books include: Cracking the AP Human Geography Exam (Princeton Review) Barron’s AP Human Geography AP Human Geography Crash Course (REA) Official Free Response Questions (2001-2015) This includes all the free response questions that have been asked on the AP Human Geography exam since 2001.Be aware that the scoring guidelines are only included for 2004 onwards, so the first three sets of questions for 2001-2003 don’t have official answers that you can consult. Sporcle Geography Quizzes As I mentioned in the tips section, it's important to know your world regions for AP Human Geography so you can back up your answers with specific examples.You don’t need to be a complete expert on where every country is located, but these quizzes are both fun AND educational, so I’d recommend checking them out (warning: super addictive). Countries of the World Countries of Asia Countries of Europe Countries of Africa Countries of South America Countries of North America Varsity Tutors Diagnostic Tests This site offers four diagnostic tests for AP Human Geography with 75 questions each (multiple-choice only).The tests have automatic scoring, and each is given a preliminary difficulty level rating.There are also tons of mini-quizzes listed by concept if you want to practice topic-specific questions as well as flashcards that will help you learn all the course terminology. Learnerator Practice Quizzes There are quizzes on every topic with questions categorized by difficulty level. Quizzes range in length from 10-40 questions, and the site keeps a running tally of how many questions you’ve answered correctly in each category (easy, medium, and hard). Unfortunately, you do need to pay for access to the quiz questions in the "hard" category.It’s $25 to get full access to all the AP Human Geography questions, including a bunch of free response practice. Chapter Quizzes for Human Geography: Landscapes of Human Activities (11th Edition) If you select a chapter of this book on the left-hand navigation bar, you can scroll down and click on a link for a multiple choice quiz.These quizzes are helpful review materials even if your class isn’t using this particular textbook. Now, sit back and enjoy the fruits of your labor in the form of an A and/or 5. Conclusion This AP Human Geography study guide has covered a review plan for the AP test, tips for success in studying throughout the year, and a list of all the topics included in the AP Human Geography curriculum. Let's recap!The steps in a successful study plan should look something like this: Step 1: Take and Score a Practice Test Step 2: Go Through Your Mistakes Step 3: Study Appropriate Content Step 4: Take a Second Practice Test Again, you can go through this process multiple times if you don't get the results you want in the first round. Just pay close attention to whether or not you're improving. If not, make changes to amp up the effectiveness of your content review. Some study tips you should keep in mind as you study for both the AP test and in-class assessments include: Tip #1: Know Your World Regions Tip #2: Terms Are Important Tip #3: Pay Attention to Major Geographic Models and Theories After you're clear on the fundamentals of how to study, you can use the notes and practice resources in the second half of the article to prepare for unit quizzes, midterms, and the final AP test. What's Next? Are you thinking about self-studying this class or other AP classes? Find out more about whether AP self-study is right for your situation and which classes are the most manageable options. If you're still planning out your schedule for the future, check out our article on which other history classes you should takeafter AP Human Geography. You might also be interested in these articles that discussAP credit policies at colleges and which classes you should takethroughout the rest of your time in high school based on your college goals. 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